![]() ![]() In 1957, it was awarded the International Fantasy Award. ![]() In 1954–55, The Lord of the Rings was published. Tolkien (1892–1973) was an English Roman Catholic writer, poet, philologist, and academic, best known as the author of the high fantasy works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Interpretations of The Lord of the Rings have included Marxist criticism, sometimes at odds with Tolkien's social conservatism the psychological reading of heroes, their partners, and their opponents as Jungian archetypes and comparison of Tolkien with modernist writers.įurther information: J. In 2014, Patrick Curry analysed the reasons for the hostility, finding it both visceral and full of evident mistakes, and suggesting that the issue was that the critics felt that Tolkien threatened their dominant ideology, modernism. Rosebury noted that Tolkien avoided calling The Lord of the Rings a novel, and that in Shippey's view Tolkien had been aiming to create a medieval-style heroic romance, despite modern scepticism about that literary mode. From 1982, Tolkien scholars such as Tom Shippey and Verlyn Flieger began to roll back the hostility, defending Tolkien, rebutting the critics' attacks and analysing what they saw as good qualities in Tolkien's writing.įrom 2003, scholars such as Brian Rosebury began to consider why Tolkien had attracted such hostility. ![]() Lewis, literary hostility to Tolkien quickly became acute and continued until the start of the 21st century. Despite some enthusiastic early reviews from supporters such as W. Tolkien's bestselling fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings had an initial mixed literary reception. ![]()
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